SUMMER
TRAINING REPORT ON
CORE JAVA UNDERTAKEN
Submitted in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Degree of
BACHELOR OF
TECHNOLOGY
In
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Training In-charge
Mr. Abhinav Kumar
Under the supervision of
Mr. Gaurav Kumar (Senior Trainer)
(15th June, 2015 – 28th July, 2015)
Submitted by: Submitted to:
............................................................................................................................
..................................
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am
grateful to ................................, Gurgaon
for giving me opportunity to carry out the project work in the area of console
based portal designing during my training. I would like to also thank my
institute, ......................................., Noida for
giving permission and necessary administrative support to take up the training
work at ............................. Ltd,
Noida.
Deepest
thanks to our Trainer ...................................... for his guidance,
monitoring, constant encouragement and correcting various assignments of ours
with attention and care. He has taken pain to go through the project and
training sessions and make necessary corrections as when needed and we are very
grateful for that.
teachask
CONTENT
1.
Acknowledgement.......................................................................................................... i
2. Introduction.................................................................................................................... 1
3. Organisation................................................................................................................... 2
4. Basics Of Java................................................................................................................ 2
4.1. Overview Of Java.................................................................................................. 2
4.2. Features Of Java.................................................................................................... 3
4.3. Java ClassPath Setting........................................................................................... 4
4.4. Steps
For Compiling And Executing Programs...................................................... 4
4.5. Difference
Between JDK,JRE And JVM.............................................................. 5
4.6. Object And
Class.................................................................................................. 5
4.7. Data Types........................................................................................................... 6
4.8. Variables.............................................................................................................. 7
4.9. Operators
And Its Types........................................................................................ 7
5. Programming Concepts................................................................................................ 7
5.1.
Structure Of
Java Program..................................................................................... 7
5.2. Main Method......................................................................................................... 8
5.3.
Decision Making Statement................................................................................... 8
5.4. Looping Statement................................................................................................ 8
5.5.
Wrapper Classes.................................................................................................... 9
5.6. Access Modifiers................................................................................................... 9
6.
Java Useful Keywords................................................................................................. 9
6.1.
Final...................................................................................................................... 9
6.2. Static...................................................................................................................... 9
6.3.
This....................................................................................................................... 10
6.4. Super..................................................................................................................... 10
6.5. Synchronized........................................................................................................ 10
7.
Java Classes, Blocks And Constructors......................................................................... 11
7.1. Abstract Classes...................................................................................................... 11
7.2.
Constructors........................................................................................................... 11
7.3. Constructors
And Its Types..................................................................................... 11
7.4.
Static Block
In Java................................................................................................. 11
7.5. Relationship In Java................................................................................................ 11
8.
Java Object Oriented.................................................................................................. 12
8.1 . Inheritance.......................................................................................................... 12
8.2. Method Overloading............................................................................................ 13
8.3. Method Overriding.............................................................................................. 13
8.4. Interface.............................................................................................................. 14
8.5. Abstraction.......................................................................................................... 14
8.6. Encapsulation...................................................................................................... 15
8.7. Polymorphism..................................................................................................... 15
9.
Java Advanced........................................................................................................... 16
9.1. Package................................................................................................................ 16
9.2. Exception Handling............................................................................................. 16
9.3. Multithreading..................................................................................................... 17
9.4. String.................................................................................................................... 17
9.5. Collection............................................................................................................. 18
10.
Projects Undertaken.................................................................................................. 19
Java is one of
the programming language or technology used for developing web applications.
Java language developed at SUN Micro Systems
in the year 1995 under the guidance
of James
Gosling and there team. Originally SUN Micro Systems is one of the
Academic university (Standford University Network)
Whatever the software developed in the year 1990, SUN Micro Systems has
released on the name of oak, which is original name of java (scientifically oak
is one of the tree name). The OAK has taken 18 months to develop.The oak is
unable to fulfill all requirements of the industry. So James Gosling again
reviews this oak and released with the name of java in the year 1995.
Scientifically java is one of the coffee seed name.
Java divided into
three categories, they are
·
J2SE (Java 2 Standard Edition)
·
J2EE (Java 2 Enterprise Edition)
·
J2ME (Java 2 Micro or Mobile Edition)
J2SE
J2SE is used for developing
client side applications.
J2EE
J2EE is used for developing
server side applications.
J2ME
J2ME is used for developing mobile or wireless application by making use
of a predefined protocol called WAP (wireless
Access / Application protocol).
ORGANISATION
HP the largest
IT company in the world, through its partner offers high quality Courses for 4
& 6 weeks. Few Courses in Summer Training Program are Programming
Techniques using 'C', PHP, VLSI, VHDL & PCB Design, Data Structure using C
Language, Core Java, J2EE - Hibernate with Spring Framework, J2EE - Struts with
Hibernate Framework, Android, ASP.NET With C#, Embedded & Robotics-Basics
& Advanced, ARM, Linux Administration with Scripting, Networking concepts
with security.
Java is a
platform independent, more powerful, secure, high performance, multithreaded
programming language. Here we discuss some points related to java.
The Java Runtime Environment (JRE)
is part of the Java Development Kit (JDK). It contains set of libraries and
tools for developing java application. The Java Runtime Environment provides
the minimum requirements for executing a Java
application.
JVM is set of programs
developed by sun Micro System and supplied as a part of jdk for reading line by
line of byte code and it converts into native understanding form of operating
system. Java language is one of the compiled and interpreted programming
language.
Garbage Collector is the
system Java program which runs in the background along with regular Java
program to collect un-Referenced (unused) memory space for improving the
performance of our applications.
An API (Application Programming
Interface) is a collection of packages, a package is the collection of
classes, interfaces and sub-packages. A sub-package is a collection of classes
interfaces and sub sub packages etc.
Java
programming is containing user friendly syntax so that we can develop effective
application
s. in other
words if any language is providing user friendly syntax, we can develop error
free applications.
JIT is the set of programs developed by SUN Micro System and added as a
part of JVM, to speed up the interpretation phase
Features of a
language are nothing but the set of services or facilities provided by the
language vendors to the industry programmers. Some important features are;
Java
Classpath Setting
Path variable is set for providing path for all java tools like java,
javac, javap, javah, jar, appletviewer which are use in java programming. These
all tools are available in bin folders
so we set path upto bin folders.
Classpath variable is set for
providing path for predefined java classes which is used in our application.
All classes are available in lib/rt.jar so
we set classpath upto lib/rt.jar.
Steps For
CompilingAnd Executing Programs
The following
sequence of steps represented in the diagram use compiling the java program and
executing the java programs.
Difference Between JDK,JRE
AND JVM
Jvm, Jre, Jdk
these all the backbone of java language. Each components have separate works.
Jdk and Jre physically exists but Jvm are abstract machine it means it not
physically exists.
JVM : JVM (Java Virtual Machine) is a software. It is a
specification that provides runtime environment in which java bytecode can be
executed. It not physically exists.JVMs are not same for all hardware and
software, for example for window os JVM is different and for Linux VJM is
different. JVM, JRE and JDK are platform dependent because configuration of
each OS differs. But, Java is platform independent.
JRE : The Java Runtime Environment (JRE) is part of the Java
Development Kit (JDK). It contains set of libraries and tools for developing
java application. The Java Runtime Environment provides the minimum
requirements for executing a Java application. It physically exists. It
contains set of libraries + other files that JVM uses at runtime.
JDK : The Java Development Kit (JDK) is primary components. It
physically exists. It is collection of programming tools and JRE, JVM.
Object And Class
Object is the physical as well as logical entity where as class is the
only logical entity. Class: Class is
a blue print which is containing only list of variables and method and no
memory is allocated for them. A class is a group of objects that has common
properties.
A class in
java contains:
·
Data Member
·
Method
·
Constructor
·
Block
·
Class and Interface
Object: Object is a instance of class,
object has state and behaviors.An Object in java has three characteristics:
·
State
·
Behavior
·
Identity
State: Represents data (value) of an object.
Behavior: Represents the behavior
(functionality) of an object such as deposit, withdraw etc. Identity: Object identity is typically
implemented via a unique ID. The value of the ID is not visible to the external
user. But,it is used internally by the JVM to identify each object uniquely.
Class is also can be used to
achieve user defined data types.
Data Types
Datatype is a spacial keyword used to
allocate sufficient memory space for the data, in other words Data type is used
for representing the data in main memory (RAM) of the computer.
In general every programming
language is containing three categories of data types. They are
·
Fundamental or primitive data types
·
Derived data types
·
User defined data types.
|
Data Type |
Default
Value |
Default size |
|
boolean |
false |
1 bit |
|
char |
'\u0000' |
2 byte |
|
byte |
0 |
1 byte |
|
short |
0 |
2 byte |
|
int |
0 |
4 byte |
|
long |
0L |
8 byte |
|
float |
0.0f |
4 byte |
|
double |
0.0d |
8 byte |
Variable
Variable
is an identifier which holds data or another one variable is an
identifier whose value can be changed at the execution time of program. Variable is an identifier which can be
used to identify input data in a program.
Operators And Its Types
Operator is a special symbol that tells
the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical Operation. Java
supports following lists of operators.
·
Arithmetic Operators
·
Relational Operators
·
Logical Operators
·
Bitwise Operators
·
Assignment Operators
·
Ternary or Conditional Operators
PROGRAMMING
CONCEPTS
Structure
of a java program is the standard format released by Language developer to the
Industry programmer. Sun Micro System has prescribed the following structure
for the java programmers for developing java application.
·
A package is
a collection of classes, interfaces and sub-packages. A sub package
contains collection of classes, interfaces and sub-sub packages etc.
java.lang.*; package is imported by default and this package is known as
default package.
·
Class is keyword used for
developing user defined data type and every java program must
start with a concept of class.
Main( ) Method
main() method is starting execution
block of a java program or any java program start their execution from main
method. If any class contain main() method known as main class.
Decision
Making Statement
Decision making statement statements is also called selection statement. That is depending
on the condition block need to
be executed or not which is decided by condition. If the condition is
"true" statement block will be executed, if condition is
"false" then statement block will not be executed. In java there are
three types of decision making statement.
·
if
·
if-else
·
switch
Looping Statement
Wrapper Classes
For each and every fundamental data type there exist a pre-defined class,
Such predefined class is known as wrapper class. The purpose of wrapper class
is to convert numeric string data into numerical or fundamental data.
Access
modifiers:
Access modifiers are those which are applied before data members or
methods of a class. These are used to where to access
and where not to access
the data members
or methods. In java programming we have four access modifiers
they are
JAVA
USEFUL KEYWORDS
In java language final keyword
can be used in following way.
·
Final at variable level
·
Final at method level
·
Final at class level
Static keyword
The static keyword is used in
java mainly for memory management. Static keyword are used with variables,
methods, blocks and nested class. Static is a keyword that are used for share
the same variable or method of a given class. This is used for a constant
variable or a method that is the same for every instance of a class. The main
method of a class is generally labeled static.
In java language static
keyword can be used for following
1.
variable (also known as class variable)
2.
method (also known as class method)
3.
block
4.
nested class
this is a reference variable that
refers to the current object. It is a keyword in java language represents
current class object
"this" keyword can be use in two ways.
·
this . (this dot)
·
this() (this off)
Super keyword
Super keyword in java is a
reference variable that is used to refer parent class object. Super is an implicit keyword create by
JVM and supply each and every java program for performing important role in
three places.
·
At variable level
·
At method level
·
At constructor level
Synchronized Keyword
Synchronized Keyword is
used for when we want to allow only one thread at a time then use Synchronized
modifier. If a method or block declared as a Synchronized then at a time only
one thread is allowed to operate on the given object.
JAVA CLASSES, BLOCKS AND CONSTRUCTORS
We know that
every java program must start with a concept of class that is without classes
concept there is no java program perfect.In java programming we have two types
of classes they are
1.
Concrete class
2.
Abstract class
Constructor And Its Types
A constructor is a special
member method which will be called implicitly (automatically) by the JVM
whenever an object is created for placing user or programmer defined values in
place of default values. In a single word constructor is a special member
method which will be called automatically whenever object is created.
The purpose of constructor is to initialize an object called object
initialization. Constructors are mainly create for initializing the object. Initialization
is a process of assigning user defined values at the time of allocation of
memory space.
Types
of constructors
Based on
creating objects in Java constructor are classified in two types. They are
·
Default or no argument Constructor
·
Parameterized constructor.
Static Block
in Java
Static block is a set of
statements, which will be executed by the JVM before execution of main method.
At the time of class loading if we want to perform any activity we have to
define that activity inside static block because static block execute at the
time of class loading.
In a class we can take any number of static block but all these static
block will be execute from top
to bottom.
Relationship
in Java
Type of relationship always makes to
understand how to reuse the feature from one class to another class. In java
programming we have two types of relationship they are.
·
Is-A Relationship
·
Has-A Relationship
JAVA OBJECT ORIENTED
Inheritance
The process of
obtaining the data members and methods from one class to another class is known
as inheritance. It is one of the
fundamental features of object-oriented programming.
A class that is declared with abstract keyword,
is known as abstract
class. An abstract class is one which is containing some defined
method and some undefined method. In java programming undefined methods
are known as un-Implemented or abstract method.The process of obtaining the data members and methods from one class to another class is known as
inheritance. It is one of the
fundamental features of object-oriented programming.
Types of
Inheritance
·
Single inheritance
·
Multiple inheritance
·
Hierarchical inheritance
·
Multilevel inheritance
·
Hybrid inheritance
Why use Inheritance ?
·
For Method Overriding (used for Runtime Polymorphism).
·
It's main uses are to enable
polymorphism and to be able to reuse code for different classes by putting it in a common super class
·
For code Re-usability
Method Overloading
Whenever same method name is exiting multiple times in the same class
with different number of parameter or different order of parameters or
different types of parameters is known as method
overloading.
Suppose we have to perform addition of given number but there can be any
number of arguments, if we write method such as a(int,
int)for two arguments, b(int, int, int) for three
arguments then it is
very difficult for you and other programmer to understand purpose or behaviors
of method they can not identify purpose of method. So we use method overloading
to easily figure out the program. For example above two methods we can write
sum(int, int) and sum(int, int, int) using method overloading concept.
Different ways to overload the
method
There are
two ways to overload the method in java
·
By changing number of arguments or parameters
·
By changing the data type
·
By changing the order of arguments.
Method Overriding
Whenever same
method name is existing in both base class and derived class with same types of
parameters or same order of parameters is known as method Overriding.
Advantage
of Java Method Overriding
·
Method Overriding is used to provide specific
implementation of a method that is already provided by its super class.
·
Method Overriding is used for Runtime
Polymorphism
Interface
Interface is similar to class
which is collection of public static final variables (constants) and abstract
methods.The interface is a mechanism to achieve fully abstraction in java.
There can be only abstract methods in the interface. It is used to achieve
fully abstraction and multiple inheritance in Java.
Why
we use Interface ?
·
It is used to achieve fully abstraction.
·
By using Interface, you can achieve multiple inheritance in java.
If we do not
know about any things about implementation just we have requirement
specification then we should be go for Interface
If we are
talking about implementation but not completely (partially implemented) then we
should be go for abstract
Abstraction is the concept of
exposing only the required essential characteristics and behavior with respect
to a context.
Hiding of data is known as data
abstraction. In object oriented programming language this is implemented
automatically while writing the code in the form of class and object.
Real life example of Abstraction
Abstraction shows only important things to the user and hides the
internal details for example when we ride a bike, we only know about how to
ride bike but can not know about how it work ? and also we do not know internal
functionality of bike.
Encapsulation
Encapsulation is a process of
wrapping of data and methods in a single unit is called encapsulation.
Encapsulation is achieved in java language by class concept.Combining of state
and behavior in a single container is known as encapsulation. In java language
encapsulation can be achieve using class
keyword, state represents declaration of variables on attributes and
behavior represents operations in terms of method.
Benefits of encapsulation
·
Provides abstraction between an object and its clients.
·
Protects an object from unwanted access by clients.
·
Example: A bank application forbids
(restrict) a client
to change an Account's balance
Polymorphism
The process of representing one form in multiple forms is known as Polymorphism.Here original form or
original method always resides in base class and multiple forms represents
overridden method which resides in derived classes.
Polymorphism is not a programming concept but it is one of the principal
of OOPs. For many objects oriented programming language polymorphism principle
is common but whose implementations are varying from one objects oriented
programming language to another object oriented programming language.
Polymorphism
principal is divided into two sub principal they are:
·
Static or Compile time polymorphism
·
Dynamic or Runtime polymorphism
JAVA ADVANCED
A package is a collection of similar types of classes,
interfaces and sub-packages.
Purpose of package
The purpose of package concept is to provide common classes and
interfaces for any program separately. In other words if we want to develop any
class or interface which is common for most of the java programs than such
common classes and interfaces must be place in a package.
Exception
Handling
The process of converting system error messages into user friendly error
message is known as Exception handling.
This is one of the powerful feature of Java to handle run time error and
maintain normal flow of java application.
An Exception is an event,
which occurs during the execution of a program, that disrupts the normal flow
of the program's Instructions.
Type of Exception
·
Checked Exception
·
Un-Checked Exception
Hierarchy of Exception classes
Multithreading
Multithreading
in java is a process of executing multiple threads simultaneously. The aim of
multithreading is to achieve the concurrent execution.
Thread
Thread is a
lightweight components and it is a flow of control. In other words a flow of
control is known as thread.State of a thread are classified into five types
they are
1.
New State
2.
Ready State
3.
Running State
4.
Waiting State
5.
Halted or dead State
String
String is a
sequence of characters enclosed within double quotes (" ") is known
as String.
Example:
"Java Programming".
In java programming to store the character data we have a fundamental
datatype called char. Similarly to
store the string data and to perform various operation on String data, we have
three predefined classes they are:
·
String
·
StringBuffer
·
StringBuilder
Collections in
java is a framework that provides an architecture to store and manipulate the
group of objects.All the operations that you perform on a data such as
searching, sorting, insertion, manipulation, deletion etc. can be performed by
Java Collections.Java Collection simply means a single unit of objects. Java
Collection framework provides many interfaces (Set, List, Queue, Deque etc.)
and classes (ArrayList, Vector, LinkedList, PriorityQueue, HashSet,
LinkedHashSet, TreeSet etc).
PROJECTS
UNDERTAKEN
Student Portal System (Admin
Level) JAVA
based with back-end controlled by JDBC.
Database Used: MySql
JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) is
uses for connect java application with database. It is Java SE technology,
which is install automatically with the jdk software. Jdbc is an API (Application programming interface)
used to communicate Java application to database in database independent and platform
independent manner. It provides classes
and interfaces to connect or communicate Java application with database.
|
Input From User: |
|
|
|
Student Id |
Student
Name |
Branch |
|
Father’s
Name |
Mother’s
Name |
Address |
|
Date Of
Birth |
Age |
Telephone
No |
Modules Provided:
Using Encrypted Password
ü Add Records
ü Display Records
ü Update Records
ü Delete Records
ü
Search Records
ü Exit
CONCLUSIONS
Practical knowledge means the visualization of the knowledge, which we
read in our books. For this, we perform
experiments and get observations. Practical knowledge is very important in
every field. One must be familiar with the problems related to that field so
that he may solve them and become a successful
person.
After achieving the proper goal
in life, an
engineer has to
enter in professional
life. According to this life, he
has to serve an industry, may be public or private sector or self-own. For the
efficient work in the field, he must be well aware of the practical knowledge
as well as theoretical knowledge.
Due to all above
reasons and to
bridge the gap
between theory and
practical, our Engineering
curriculum provides a
practical training of
45 days. During
this period a
student work in
the industry and
get well all
type of experience
and knowledge about the working of companies and hardware
and software tools.
I have
undergone my 45 days summer training in 7th sem at Hewlett Packard Enterprise India
Pvt Ltd. This report is based
on the knowledge,
which I acquired during my 45 days of summer training.
REFERENCES
·
HP Student Reference Guide
·
OopS Concept by Sumita Arora
·
Thinking In java(2nd edition)
·
Google Group-javatechzone
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